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+\chapter{Software}
+
+We can think of the operations of a system in \textit{layers}. At
+the very top there is the user. Below this there are applications
+that the user interacts with. These then interact with the
+operating system in the layer below, which interacts with the
+system hardware as the bottom layer. 
+
+\begin{myquote}
+        \textit{Software} consists of the
+        programs and other operating information used by a computer.
+\end{myquote}
+
+\textit{Application software} performs tasks for a user (such as a
+word processor, game, or web browser) through interaction with the
+operating system.  \textit{Utility programs} are used to maintain and
+improve functionality of the computer. Utility programs include
+\textit{firewalls} (which blocks network activity deemed dangerous),
+\textit{disk defragmenters} (which ensure that files are organised in
+a sensible way across the blocks on a hard disk in order to improve
+performance, rather than having a file scattered across multiple
+blocks), \textit{disk formatters}, and \textit{system information and
+diagnostics} tools.
+
+\section{Operating sytem}
+
+The operating system is a type of system software which provides an
+interface between applications and the hardware. It has five primary
+tasks:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+    \item Processor management: allocating time and cores for
+        applications to run on the CPU.
+    \item Memory management: allocating and managing main memory
+        needed by applications.
+    \item Security: managing login and other basic authentication and
+        security operations of the system, such as preventing an
+        unprivileged user from making some changes.
+    \item Input/output (I/O) device management: managing any I/O
+        devices such as keyboards, mice, screens, printers, speakers,
+        and network interfaces by ensuring that the necessary drives
+        are present to allow many different devices to work with the
+        system.
+    \item Applications: interfacing with the applications being run
+        and providing essentials such as a graphical interface for the
+        application to the user and network access to an application.
+\end{itemize}