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@@ -161,7 +161,40 @@ and potentially worrying development, particularly with the clear level influence, interest, and competitiveness both the US {US House chip manufacturing bill} and Chinese governments (cite) are respectively showing (the US and China are the two largest chip -manufacturers (cite, reword)). +manufacturers (cite, reword)). In light of potential issues with +hardware in a privacy sense, there have been developments in `open +hardware'. RISC V is an instruction set for processors, that, opposed +to ARM, Intel, and AMD which are developed in secret, RISC V is an open +standard originating from the University of California, Berkeley (UC +Berkeley). This therefore allows for open source CPU designs, such as +those designed at UC Berkeley, as well as those from other parties, +such as Alibaba Group (cite all). A significant amount of existing +software has been ported to the RISC V platform (cite) and been +implemented commercially by companies such as Google, for a security +module in the `Pixel 6' smartphone (cite). This attention and interest +in the technology potentially indicates a shift in attitude and want +for more open hardware and a general concern for the source of +computing equipment. Examples, such as a laptop created by the +manufacturer Frame Work Inc which aims to be more expandable, +serviceable and repairable then existing laptops, gaining significant +media coverage (cite) further show an interest from the public in open +hardware. An argument can be made that such projects are for niche +interest groups only, and that such solutions will never see the +commercial success seen by the larger, non-open manufacturers such as +Intel and ARM, however clear adoption of standards such as RISC V by +large institutions (cite) as well as the clear interest the public +have demonstrated in commercially available open solutions (research, +cite) demonstrate quite the opposite: that open hardware will continue +to become increasingly prevalent and that currently popular hardware +with its susceptibility to surveillance will possibly start to +disappear. + +A shift toward open standards reveals a problem for law enforcement +agencies and counterterrorism forces. The tools of mass surveillance +that once enabled investigation into crime or terror such as reading +messages/emails, listening to calls, tracking location, or analysing +metadata (cite?) may no longer be effective, thereby potentially +preventing such investigation to occur. In addition, the rate of development in unconventional computing methods is increasing rapidly. Effective quantum computing will @@ -179,7 +212,7 @@ future the breakdown of current cryptographic methods. Indeed, there have already been claims (although disputed) to quantum supremacy from -Once more, the significant research is occuring as afformentioned in +Once more, the significant research is occurring as aforementioned in the US and in China {quantum research in china}. Both in the US at Google {google supremacy nature} and in China {china quantum advantage}{science photons quantum advantage}. @@ -297,4 +330,6 @@ Surveillance https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/10/us/politics/cia-data-privacy.html https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2022/02/we-need-answers-about-cias-mass-surveillance +crowd supply boosts open hardware: linux magazine + {firewall} |